Rwanda is highly vulnerable to climate change, given its geographic characteristics. The “land of a thousand hills” experiences flooding and massive landslides when it rains heavily, with heavy rainfall expected to increase as climate change worsens. In 2020, the government relocated hundreds of refugees from the Kigeme refugee camp to the Mahama camp because of risks from environmental degradation. In 2021, the Rwandan government and UNHCR closed the Gihembe camp and relocated its residents to Mahama as well, due to the risks posed by environmental hazards, including erosion and landslides. This research is part of the “Let Them Work” initiative, a joint project between Refugees International and the Center for Global Development, funded by the IKEA Foundation and the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation.